An investigation on terahertz response in electro-optic crystals excited at 1.03 lm wavelength

We theoretically investigate terahertz(THz)emission and detection from h110i-oriented electro-optic(EO) crystals adapted for Yb-doped femtosecond pulse laser.According to the principles of phase-matching condition, the dispersion relation between optical velocity and THz pulse,THz absorption spectra, and coherence lengths of CdTe, GaP,and GaAs crystals below the phonon resonant frequency are calculated correspondingly. The optical rectification and EO sampling process of above crystals with the same thickness of0.1 mm are simulated. As a consequence, we found that the optimal emission frequency of CdTe is at 2.65 THz, however,it reaches 6.56 THz of GaAs and 4.77 THz of GaP. With the help of frequency response function, the calculated cut-off frequency of CdTe is only 3.45 THz, while GaAs and GaP achieve 7.15 and 6.37 THz correspondingly. Finally, the EO sampling sensitivity of GaAs is higher than CdTe and GaP when the crystal's thickness exceeds 1.58 mm. The strong THz absorption of CdTe saturates distinctly the EO sampling sensitivity with its thickness increasing.     

Advances in research on Shadoo,shadow of prion protein

Prion plays a central role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also known as prion diseases. However, the biology of the protein and the pathophysiology of these diseases remain largely unknown. It has been speculated that additional factor or factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Recently, a PrP-like protein, recognized as shadow of prion protein （Shadoo, Sho）, is thought to be an interesting candidate factor because both the prion protein and Sho have been shown to have overlapping expression patterns and shared functions. Therefore, extensive study of Sho may advance our understanding of the enigmatical biology of prion and prion diseases. In this review, recent studies on Sho asso- ciated with prion diseases and functions are summarized. These studies have demonstrated the functional importance of Sho, and they further need to investigate its biological roles in prion diseases.     

Gold nanorod translocation through a solid-state nanopore

Recently, nanopores have been used in an essential technique for detecting single molecule with high sensitivity. The initial application of nanopores to DNA and RNA sequencing has been expanded to sensing pro- teins and nanoparticles, including Bovine serum albumin, silica nanoparticles, polystyrene beads, and others. In our study, for the first time, a positively charged gold nanorod was investigated using a solid-state nanopore device. Various gold nanorods passed through the nanopore with different current blockages and duration times, providing a measurement of the nanorod diameter, length, and charge. Our findings indicate that nanopore sensing might be a new method for characterizing the size, shape, and charge of nanoparticles.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

Characterization of cocrystals formed by grinding amino acids through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

In this paper,we used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)over a range of 0.3–2.5 THz to investigate the formation of solid-state cocrystals of amino acids,formed by grinding mixtures of two different kinds of amino acids.For comparison,we prepared dual-layer samples,combined by pressing two single-component pellets together without grinding.In the ground-mixture samples,some extra absorption peaks appeared,different from the characteristic peaks of the pure components,but these peaks did not appear in the dual-layer samples.Thus,these extra absorption peaks in the THz range are unique features of cocrystals.From our results,we believe that THz-TDS is a promising technique to characterize cocrystals.     

Thermal diffusivity determination of solids by time-domain photoacoustic piezoelectric technique

Thermal–physical property is one of the most important properties of materials. The conventional frequency-domain photoacoustic piezoelectric(PAPE) technique has been developed as an important method for thermal diffusivity determination. In this paper, the PAPE technique is extended to time domain(TD). First, based on a simplified thermoelastic model, the TD PAPE theory under square-wave-modulated excitation was developed,the dependence of the TD PAPE signal on modulation frequency as well as material parameters was obtained, and the determination of thermal diffusivity was simulated and theoretically analyzed. Second, the experimental system and the corresponding measurement method were established. Third, thermal diffusivities of various standard samples, such as copper, aluminum, and nickel, were measured, and the effectiveness of the technique was verified. The results show that the TD PAPE technique can provide a simple, fast and effective way for thermal diffusion study.     

Experimental investigation on upstream-injection interaction with a scramjet cavity flameholder

The study has evaluated the coherent structures and the velocity field of gaseous transverse jet upstream of a scramjet flameholder in a supersonic turbulent flow. The high spatiotemporal resolution coherent structures of the jet plume/wakes and the cavity shear layer were obtained by utilizing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering technique. Compared to the no upstream injection case, the cavity shear layer downstream of the jet shows significant mass exchange with mainstream. The particle image veloc- imetry velocity field and the velocity profiles demonstrated that the interaction intensity of the cavity shear layer with the upstream injection is further enhanced as the injection stagnation pressure increases.     

Induction of human β-defensin-2 in airway epithelial cells by Streptococcus pneumoniae： involvement of IP3-dependent intracellular calcium release and NF-κB

Human β-definsin-2 （hBD-2） is mainly induced by bacterial factors and pro-inflammation mediators in epithelial cells. As the major cause of community-acquired pneumonia, whether Streptococcus pneumoniae （S. pneu-moniae） stimulation induces hBD-2 expression in airway epithelial cells is elusive. In this study, we found that S. pneumoniae stimulation induced hBD-2 expression in a time-and concentration-dependent manner in primary human airway epithelial cells. To further reveal the mechanism of S. pneumoniae inducing hBD-2, we found that S. pneumoniae stimulation activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Specific NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC, could reverse the induction of hBD-2 by S. pneumoniae. We also found that cellular inner Ca^2＋ signaling is involved in the S. pneumoniae-induced hBD-2. Taken together, our find-ings indicated that S. pneumoniae can stimulate the expression of hBD-2 in airway epithelial cells and NF-κB and inositol triphosphate-dependent intracellular calcium release is involved in this induction.     

太行山猕猴跖骨性差

以39例成年太行山猕猴跖骨为标本(27雌,12雄),测量每根跖骨7个变量,采用SPSS 20.0进行数据分析,用7个跖骨变量建立逐步判别函数.选择性差最大的变量直接进行判别分析.结果表明,大部分变量性差显著(P<0.01),侧别差异很小.逐步判别分析选择出来的最好变量是跖骨长度.雄性判别率为78.6%⁹2.9%,雌性判别率为79.3%92.9%,雌性判别率为79.3%⁹3.1%,平均判别率为79.1%93.1%,平均判别率为79.1%⁹3.0%.交互检验比回代检验判别率略微低一些.结果显示用跖骨长度变量可以很好地鉴定性别.     

海南岛城镇体系等级层次结构研究

等级层次结构是城镇体系高级层面的结构形态,是对城镇综合实力的评定,是城镇体系结构调整的重要依据.本研究选取能够反映城镇综合实力的中心性强度构建了包含城镇规模、经济实力、基础设施、社会生活、资源基础、和社会管理等6个方面共17个指标的评价体系;运用主成分分析方法计算了2010年海南省岛内18个市县的中心性强度值.结合海南省行政区划现状.可以看出:首先,从结构组成来看,经过20余年的建设,海南省已形成了以省会海口为中心的5级等级层次体系,较高等级城市比例仅为16.67%,省域城镇体系发展尚处于刚起步的初级阶段;其次,从空间布局来看,全岛虽已建立了依托路网的初级体系,但由于区域核心城市的吸引力较弱,急需通过加强琼北海口市、琼南三亚市的核心带动作用,深入发展省内其他市县的整体实力,提高其等级层次结构,促进海南全岛的繁荣振兴.